Coccidiosis in cats is a parasitic infection caused by protozoa, most commonly from the Isospora species, which infects the intestines. This condition is relatively common, especially in kittens, and can lead to symptoms like diarrhea, dehydration, and weight loss. In this article, we’ll dive into what coccidiosis in cats is, its symptoms, how to treat it, and most importantly, how to prevent it.

What Is Coccidiosis in Cats?

Coccidiosis is an infection caused by Isospora, a single-celled parasite that targets the intestines. The parasite is transmitted when a cat ingests oocysts (the parasite’s eggs) found in contaminated food, water, or feces. Although coccidiosis is generally not as serious in adult cats, it can be a dangerous and even fatal condition for young kittens, cats with compromised immune systems, or those living in unsanitary conditions.

Coccidia infect the intestines, causing inflammation and disrupting the digestion process. This often results in symptoms such as diarrhea, lethargy, dehydration, and loss of appetite.

Coccidiosis Symptoms in Cats

The symptoms of coccidiosis can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the cat’s age or overall health. Some cats may not show obvious signs, but for others, the symptoms can be quite severe. Here are the most common signs of coccidiosis in cats:

• Diarrhea: This is the hallmark symptom of coccidiosis and can range from mild to severe. In some cases, the diarrhea may be watery and contain mucus or even blood.
• Dehydration: Caused by the loss of fluids from diarrhea, dehydration can lead to dry gums, sunken eyes, and a lethargic appearance.
• Lethargy: Infected cats often appear tired, weak, or sluggish and may sleep more than usual.
• Loss of Appetite: Cats with coccidiosis may show a reduced interest in food or completely refuse to eat.
• Weight Loss: Due to diarrhea and loss of appetite, infected cats may lose weight quickly.
• Vomiting: Although not as common, some cats may vomit in addition to having diarrhea.

While healthy adult cats often manage the infection with few issues, kittens, older cats, or immunocompromised cats are more likely to experience severe symptoms.

How Do Cats Get Coccidiosis?

Cats primarily become infected with coccidia when they ingest oocysts, which are found in contaminated feces. These oocysts can be present in the environment where infected cats have defecated, making public spaces like shelters or areas with high population density a breeding ground for the parasite. Cats can also contract coccidiosis by drinking contaminated water or eating contaminated food.

Kittens are particularly susceptible to coccidiosis because their immune systems are still developing. Crowded, unsanitary living conditions can further increase the risk of infection.

How to Treat Coccidiosis in Cats

If you suspect your cat has coccidiosis, it’s important to get a proper diagnosis from a veterinarian. The vet may perform a stool test to check for Isospora oocysts. Once diagnosed, the most common treatments for coccidiosis in cats include:

• Coccidiostats: These are medications that stop the parasites from reproducing. The most commonly prescribed medication for coccidiosis in cats is sulfonamides (e.g., Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) or ponazuril.
  
• Supportive Care: In addition to medications, it’s essential to ensure the cat is properly hydrated and nourished during the recovery process. This may involve administering fluids and offering a highly digestible diet to prevent further weight loss.
  
• Antibiotics for Secondary Infections: In some cases, secondary bacterial infections may develop due to the weakened immune system from the parasite, and antibiotics may be prescribed to treat those.
  

Treatment typically lasts 7-14 days, but it’s crucial to follow the veterinarian’s instructions to ensure the infection is completely cleared.

How to Prevent Coccidiosis in Cats

Preventing coccidiosis in cats involves a combination of cleanliness, proper management, and good hygiene practices. Here are some tips to help reduce the risk of coccidiosis:

1. Keep Litter Boxes Clean: Regularly clean and disinfect your cat’s litter box to reduce the chance of contamination. If you have multiple cats, ensure that each cat has its own clean litter box.
   
2. Practice Good Hygiene: Always wash your hands after handling your cat, cleaning their litter box, or cleaning up feces. This can significantly reduce the risk of transmission.
   
3. Limit Exposure to Contaminated Areas: Avoid letting your cat roam in places that are likely to be contaminated with feces from infected animals, such as public spaces or areas where other animals may defecate.
   
4. Keep Kittens in a Clean Environment: Since kittens are more vulnerable to infection, make sure they are raised in a clean environment with minimal exposure to other animals, especially in their early weeks of life.
   
5. Monitor for Symptoms: Early detection is key to preventing severe cases of coccidiosis. Keep an eye on your cat’s behavior and watch for signs such as diarrhea, loss of appetite, or weight loss. If you notice any symptoms, contact your vet right away.
   
6. Vaccination and Deworming: While no vaccine is available for Isospora in cats, maintaining a regular deworming schedule can help keep your cat’s immune system strong and better able to fight off infections.
   

Frequently Asked Questions About Coccidiosis in Cats

How Do Cats Get Coccidiosis?

Cats typically get coccidiosis by ingesting oocysts from contaminated food, water, or feces. Poor sanitation and crowded living conditions increase the risk of infection.

Can Coccidiosis in Cats Spread to Humans?

No, coccidiosis in cats is generally not contagious to humans. The Isospora parasites that cause coccidiosis are usually species-specific and do not affect humans. However, Cryptosporidium can infect both humans and animals, though this is rare.

Can Change in Food Cause Coccidiosis in Cats?

No, a change in food does not directly cause coccidiosis in cats. Coccidiosis is caused by the ingestion of oocysts from contaminated food, water, or feces, not by changes in diet. However, stress from a sudden dietary change could weaken a cat’s immune system, making it more susceptible to infections, including coccidiosis. It’s always best to introduce new food gradually and monitor your cat’s health during the transition.

How Long After Treatment is Coccidiosis Contagious in Cats?

After a cat begins treatment for coccidiosis, the contagious period typically lasts until the infection is fully cleared. It can take 1 to 2 weeks for the medication to work, and during this time, the cat can still shed oocysts in its feces. It’s crucial to follow your veterinarian’s instructions and finish the entire course of medication to ensure the infection is completely gone. Keeping the infected cat isolated from other animals and cleaning the environment regularly can help prevent the spread of the infection.

How Is Coccidiosis in Cats Treated?

Coccidiosis in cats is treated with coccidiostats like sulfonamides or ponazuril, which stop the parasite from multiplying. Supportive care, such as hydration and a nutritious diet, is also important during recovery.

How Can I Prevent Coccidiosis in My Cat?

To prevent coccidiosis, keep your cat’s environment clean, especially their litter box. Practice good hygiene, limit exposure to contaminated areas, and monitor your cat for any signs of illness. Regular veterinary checkups and deworming also help maintain overall health.

Final Thoughts

Coccidiosis in cats is a treatable yet potentially serious condition, especially for kittens or cats with weakened immune systems. Early detection and treatment are crucial for a successful recovery. By maintaining a clean environment, practicing good hygiene, and keeping an eye on your cat’s health, you can prevent coccidiosis and ensure your cat stays healthy.

References:

Merck Veterinary Manual
VCA Hospitals – Coccidiosis in Cats
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)